Difference Between Mums And Chrysanthemums – Selecting The Perfect
We have all been there, standing in the garden center surrounded by sea of vibrant autumnal colors. You see labels for “mums” and others for “chrysanthemums,” and you might wonder if you are looking at two different species entirely. I know how confusing it can be when you just want to add some seasonal flair to your porch or flower beds.
In this guide, I am going to clear up the confusion and show you exactly what to look for when shopping. You will learn how to distinguish between the varieties that can survive a frost and those that are strictly for indoor decoration. By the time we are finished, the difference between mums and chrysanthemums will be clear, and you will feel like a botanical pro.
We will dive into the botanical history, explore the various bloom shapes, and provide a step-by-step care plan for your plants. Whether you are a beginner or have been digging in the dirt for years, these tips will help your garden shine. Let’s get started on making your autumn landscape the envy of the neighborhood!
The Botanical Roots: Is There a True Difference?
To understand the terminology, we have to look at the science behind these beautiful flowers. Botanically speaking, there is no difference in the name itself because “mum” is simply a shortened nickname for the word chrysanthemum. All mums are members of the Chrysanthemum genus, which belongs to the massive Asteraceae family.
This family also includes sunflowers, daisies, and even marigolds, which explains why many mum varieties have that classic daisy-like appearance. In the gardening world, however, we use these terms to categorize how the plants are grown and used. While they share the same DNA, their growth habits and cold tolerance vary significantly.
When you hear a professional gardener talk about the difference between mums and chrysanthemums, they are usually referring to the distinction between “garden mums” and “florist mums.” One is bred to be a hardy perennial, while the other is treated as a temporary, decorative annual. Knowing which one you have is the key to gardening success.
The Essential difference between mums and chrysanthemums for Home Gardeners
The most important thing to remember is that “garden mums” are the ones you want for your outdoor flower beds. These plants are specifically cultivated to be cold-hardy and produce underground stolons. These stolons are horizontal stems that allow the plant to survive the winter and return the following spring.
On the other hand, “florist mums” are bred for their spectacular, often massive, floral displays. They are usually grown in greenhouses and lack the root structure necessary to survive freezing temperatures. If you plant a florist mum in your garden in October, it likely won’t survive the first hard freeze of the season.
If you are shopping at a grocery store, you are likely looking at a florist variety meant for a vase or a temporary indoor pot. If you are at a local nursery, you are more likely to find garden varieties. Always check the plant tag for hardiness zones to ensure you are getting the right plant for your specific climate.
Spotting Garden Mums
Garden mums typically have a mounded, bushy shape that is very compact. They produce a high volume of smaller flowers that cover the entire plant like a colorful blanket. These are the workhorses of the fall garden, providing reliable color for several weeks.
Their leaves are usually a bit thicker and more leathery than their florist counterparts. This helps them retain moisture and withstand the fluctuating temperatures of autumn. When you buy them, they should feel sturdy and have plenty of unopened buds ready to burst.
Identifying Florist Mums
Florist varieties often feature much larger, more intricate blooms, such as the famous “spider” or “football” mums. They have a more upright and leggy growth habit because they are not intended to form a permanent garden mound. Their primary purpose is to look stunning for a short period.
These plants are often “forced” into bloom by professional growers using light deprivation techniques. Because they put all their energy into those giant flowers, they have very little energy left for root development. This is why they struggle to establish themselves if moved into the cold ground.
Understanding the 13 Bloom Classifications
One of the reasons people get confused about the difference between mums and chrysanthemums is the sheer variety of flower shapes. The National Chrysanthemum Society actually recognizes 13 distinct classes of blooms. Each one has a unique look that can change the entire vibe of your garden.
For example, the Pompon variety produces small, globe-like flowers that look like tiny buttons. These are incredibly popular for borders because they are very durable. Then you have the Anemone type, which features a prominent center disk surrounded by longer petals, creating a beautiful layered effect.
If you want something truly dramatic, look for Spider Mums. These have long, tubular petals that hook or curl at the ends, resembling spider legs. While these are usually florist types, they make incredible focal points in a protected container on your porch. Experimenting with these shapes is a great way to add texture to your landscape.
- Single and Semi-Double: Look like classic daisies with a visible center.
- Decorative: Dense petals that hide the center, creating a full look.
- Cushion: Low-growing and very compact, perfect for walkways.
- Quilled: Petals are shaped like long, thin tubes.
Planting and Maintenance for Long-Lasting Color
Once you have chosen your plants, the real fun begins. To get the most out of your mums, you need to provide them with full sun. Aim for at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. Without enough light, the stems will become weak and the flowers will be sparse.
Soil quality is also vital for success. Mums prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay, consider adding some compost or peat moss to improve drainage. They don’t like “wet feet,” so ensure the water can move away from the roots easily.
When planting, give them plenty of space to breathe. Good air circulation is the best defense against fungal issues like powdery mildew. If you are planting several mums in a row, space them about 18 to 24 inches apart. This allows them to maintain their signature round shape without crowding their neighbors.
- Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball.
- Place the plant at the same depth it was in the pot.
- Fill with soil and press down firmly to remove air pockets.
- Water deeply immediately after planting.
The Secret to Bushy Plants: Pinching
If you want your garden mums to look like those perfect spheres you see at the store, you need to master the art of pinching. This is a simple technique where you remove the growing tips of the stems. This encourages the plant to branch out rather than growing tall and spindly.
Start pinching in late spring when the plant is about six inches tall. Simply use your thumb and forefinger to snip off the top inch of each stem. Repeat this process every few weeks until the Fourth of July. After that, stop pinching so the plant has time to develop its flower buds for the fall.
It might feel a bit scary to cut back your healthy plants, but I promise it works! This process creates a stronger structure that can support the weight of hundreds of blooms. Without pinching, your mums might split open in the middle or flop over after a heavy rain.
Watering and Feeding Your Autumn Display
Mums are thirsty plants, especially when they are in full bloom. The key is to keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. During the heat of late summer, you may need to water them every single day. If the leaves start to wilt, it is a sign they need a drink immediately.
When watering, try to apply the water directly to the base of the plant. Avoid getting the foliage wet, as this can invite diseases. Using a soaker hose or a watering can with a narrow spout is a great way to keep the roots happy while keeping the leaves dry.
As for feeding, use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. Once the flower buds start to show their color, you can stop fertilizing. The plant now has all the nutrients it needs to put on its final show for the season.
How to Overwinter Your Plants Successfully
If you have purchased hardy garden varieties, you don’t have to throw them away when the snow starts to fall. To help them survive the winter, leave the dead foliage intact until the following spring. The old stems actually help protect the crown of the plant from the cold.
Once the ground freezes, apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of the plant. Straw, evergreen branches, or shredded leaves work perfectly for this. This mulch acts as insulation, preventing the “freeze-thaw” cycle that can push the roots out of the ground.
In early spring, as soon as you see new green growth emerging from the soil, you can cut back the old, brown stems. This is also a great time to divide your mums. Every two or three years, digging them up and splitting the root clump helps keep the plants vigorous and prevents them from becoming too woody.
Common Problems and How to Solve Them
Even the best gardeners face challenges sometimes. The most common issue with mums is aphids. These tiny insects love to cluster on the undersides of leaves and suck the sap. You can usually knock them off with a strong stream of water from your garden hose.
If you notice a white, flour-like substance on the leaves, you are likely dealing with powdery mildew. This usually happens when the weather is humid and there isn’t enough airflow. To fix this, try to thin out the surrounding plants and always water at the soil level rather than over the top.
Sometimes, mums just refuse to bloom. This is often caused by artificial light at night. Mums are “short-day” plants, meaning they need long periods of total darkness to trigger their flowering cycle. If your plants are near a bright streetlamp or a porch light that stays on all night, they might stay green forever!
Frequently Asked Questions About the difference between mums and chrysanthemums
Can I plant a gift mum from the florist in my garden?
You certainly can try, but don’t be disappointed if it doesn’t survive the winter. Most florist mums are not hardy enough for cold climates. However, they make wonderful additions to your compost pile once they have finished blooming indoors!
When is the best time to buy mums for the longest bloom time?
The best time to buy is when the plant has mostly tight buds with just a hint of color showing. If you buy a plant that is already in full bloom, it won’t last as long in your garden. Look for “early,” “mid,” and “late” season varieties to stagger the color throughout the fall.
Do mums need to be deadheaded?
While it isn’t strictly necessary for the health of the plant, deadheading (removing faded flowers) will keep the plant looking tidy. It can also encourage the plant to put more energy into the remaining buds, potentially extending the display by a week or two.
Are mums toxic to pets?
Yes, unfortunately, chrysanthemums contain pyrethrins, which can be toxic to dogs, cats, and horses if ingested. If you have curious pets, it is best to plant your mums in raised containers or areas where your furry friends can’t reach them.
Conclusion: Your Path to a Vibrant Fall Garden
Understanding the difference between mums and chrysanthemums is the first step toward becoming a more confident gardener. Remember that while the names are often used interchangeably, the hardiness and growth habits are what really matter. By choosing the right variety for your needs, you ensure a successful and colorful autumn.
Gardening is all about trial and error, so don’t be afraid to experiment with different bloom shapes and colors. Whether you are planting a permanent border of hardy garden mums or just decorating your steps with a few bold florist varieties, these flowers are sure to bring joy to your home. They are the perfect way to celebrate the changing seasons.
So, head out to your local nursery with your new knowledge and pick out some stunning blooms! With the right sun, water, and a little bit of pinching, your garden will be the highlight of the neighborhood. Happy planting, and may your autumn be filled with endless color and growth!
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